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Oslo Airport
Airport Directory » Norway » Oslo » Oslo AirportOslo Airport, Gardermoen (IATA: OSL, ICAO: ENGM) (Norwegian: Oslo lufthavn, Gardermoen) is the principal airport assisting the Norwegian capital town of Oslo. It is also the independent international airport assisting Norway, with voyages to a large figure of European airports, and some voyages to other continents, including North America and Asia. It is turn up at Gardermoen in the municipality of Ullensaker, 48 kilometre (30 mi) nor'-east of Oslo.
Built as a armed forces field, Gardermoen was enlarged and reopened in 1998 as a commercial airport. More than 19 million riders moved through Oslo Airport in 2007, which is an increase of 1.3 million, or 7,8% since 2006. The airport has 2 parallel landing track of 2950 m and 3600 m, 34 rider spans and five commuter train stand up, 64 check-in counters and 71 aircraft stand up.
In addition to its international office, Gardermoen is a hub of Scandinavian Airlines and Norwegian Air Shuttle and a direction airport for Widerøe. The airport operates as a national hub, with a aggregative of 25 domestic destinations, with 16 being assisted with jet plane. Seven are assisted on public service duty contract with the Norwegian authority using regional aircraft.
Sandefjord Airport, Torp also assists Oslo, mainly by low-cost bearers and regional air hose, though Torp is turn up more than twice the space from the town as Gardermoen. In February 2008, a 3rd airport, Rygge Air Station (non-military name: Moss Airport, Rygge) set about assisting private air hose as good.
History
Military and secondary
The Norwegian-Danish armed forces set about using Gardermoen as a encampment as early as 1740, when it was named Fredericksfeldt. The 1st voyage took location in 1912, and by 1920 there were multiple depots at the airport.
When the Germans occupied Norway during World War II they bombarded the airport, but later reconstructed it with 2 2000-metre landing track.
After the conflict, Gardermoen was used both for charter and intercontinental voyages. Military functioning were also dealt at the field. Charter voyages were functioned from 1972 at Gardermoen or else of Fornebu due to a want of slots at Fornebu, while intercontinental voyages had to be functioned from Gardermoen because the landing track at Fornebu was excessively short. It was only in the 1990s that SAS voyages to New York were travel to Fornebu. After the travel and until the new depot and other installations were opened in 1998, the airport rested well-nigh inactive of commercial voyages but armed forces voyages used the airport.
Finding a new airport
After Gressholmen (sea) and Kjeller Airport (district) had been assisting Oslo as airports, the new airport at Oslo Airport, Fornebu opened in 1939. But in the 1980s, the airport set about to experience severe capacity jobs. The airport had only 1 landing track, so there were no available slots at the airport during morning time and afternoon rush along. This made it impossible for the new deregulated air hose market place to work, since potentiality new air hose would not have access to enough slots at Fornebu. As Fornebu was build on a peninsula a new landing track is able to not be build because of infinite jobs. The old airport also endured from want of equal public transport, with no subway system or rail line to the airport. The airport was turn up rather close to the town center and beside a residential area , making great noise pollution jobs.
There were many campaigner places for the new independent airport for Oslo, notably Hobøl, Hurum, Kroer, Ås and Gardermoen. Though the political function around the airport place set about in the 1950s, the 1st existent determination came in 1988 when legislative assembly make up one's mind to construct an airport at Hurum. But meteorologic appraises presented that there shall be overmuch fog at Hurum, and the function was call off.
On eight October 1992, the Norwegian parliament do a final determination to construct an airport at Gardermoen.
OSL Gardermoen
| The airport has 2 concourses; Domestic and International |
| One of the many eating house on the reaches stage |
| The domestic concourse gate |
A new functioning corporation, Oslo Lufthavn AS took over the functioning of Gardermoen and Fornebu. The conclusion in parliament averaged that the new airport had to be made self-financing, and so a separate limited corporation had to be made to finance the new airport. The airport's aggregative building cost of NOK 11,4 billion was all borrowed by the corporation and nets income from airport functioning are used to pay the debt. The corporation also functioned Fornebu from one January 1997. Oslo Lufthavn AS is a all owned foot soldier of Avinor AS, the Norwegian polite airport disposal.
A new high-speed railway line, Gardermobanen, was made at the same clip as the airport. Trains go away the airport for Oslo Central Station 6 clips each 60 minute. It was the 1st high-speed railway line built in Norway and is currently functioned by Flytoget at 210 kilometres per hour.
Gardermoen took over as the independent Oslo airport on eight October 1998, when Fornebu Airport was closed except for some sea aeroplane installations. The conveyance happed overnight, and was a major functioning. The new airport has a capacity of 17 million riders per yr and 80 air motilities per 60 minute. After the opening of Gardermoen, the access of slots at the airport and the reaching of a new low-cost bearer Color Air ensued in a major price conflict amongst the air hose, finish in 1999 when Color Air stopped functioning. During this time period there were about 50 daily voyages between Gardermoen and each of Bergen, Stavanger and Trondheim.
In 1999, Northwest Airlines briefly functioned a voyage between Oslo and Minneapolis for several calendar month with their DC-10-30 aircraft, before the voyage was call off due to poor load factor. In October 2001, the only staying intercontinental voyage, to New York (Newark),with SAS 767-300 aircraft was stopped. In 2004, Continental Airlines restarted service on this path. There is also a regular connexion to Pakistan, and some charter voyages to Thailand and some other lands on other continents, and Norwegian Air Shuttle will set about voyages to Dubai in 2008. In 2002 Norwegian Air Shuttle, set about functioning using Gardermoen as its hub. The airline assists 50 international and ten domestic destinations. On 18 January 2006, Liv Signe Navarsete, Minister of Transport and Communications, opened Europe's 1st infrared frequency defrosting depot at Oslo Airport. The depot will supplement standard defrosting for the balance of the wintertime season.
Alleged programming malicious gossip
The place at Gardermoen was run across with considerable remonstrations. Some focused on the trunk call to Oslo and the demand of a costly high-speed railway line. Other refers were the environmental impact on the area (a big spring water basin was get a line under the location), and demands that bad weather condition would do jobs.
Questioning of weather condition appraises
The condition appraises, which urged the new airport be made at Gardermoen in location of Hurum, were call into question by civil technologist Jan Fredrik Wiborg. He demanded the info was warped and that parliament were intentionally lead astray by officialdom. Wiborg pop off on June 21, 1994 after falling from a hotel window in Copenhagen, and important written documents approximately the example go away. Circumstances approximately his decease was ne'er to the full cleared. Journalists from the paper Aftenposten were presented the prestigious SKUP award in 1999 for their probe of the example. During 2000 the Constitutional Committee of Parliament maintained a public hearing approximately the alleged foul play during the airport programming function. An functionary account was let go in 2001.
Fog and defrosting jobs
Since its opening, Gardermoen has had considerable jobs with fog and stopping dead rainfall, doing complete close-down a few clips. It is difficult to avoid fog in Norway, and the old airport Fornebu and the alternative airport place Hurum also has fog (at smallest as much since these 2 locations are near the sea shore, which Gardermoen is not). Gardermoen is accounted to have more jobs with supercooled rainfall, which reportedly take place on mean 3 clips a calendar month during wintertime on Gardermoen, consorting to meteorologic stats pulled together since the 1950s. The use of defrosting fluids is cut back since the area under the airport incorporates 1 of the commonwealth's biggest uncontained quadruplet aquifers (subway system water system), the Trandum delta. In January 2006 an Infratek defrosting system was launch, using infrared frequency heat energy in big depot collapsible shelters. It was desired that the method would fall the use of chemic defrosters by 90 %, but as of February 2007 the technique was still unsuccessful.
December 14, 1998 water ice incident
In the morning time of December 14, 1998, a combination of stopping dead fog and supercooled rainfall do severe glaze at Gardermoen. At smallest 20 aircraft engine were damaged by water ice during take-off, and 5 aircraft take to do precautionary landings with only 1 working engine. A similar incident took location in Denver International Airport on October 31, 2002.
Terminal installations
Duty free
The duty free at Gardermoen covers 1530 square meter, and is thought to be the biggest such store in Europe. This is because Norway is not an EU fellow member, and still may sell goods duty free shop to all international destinations. Since 2006, also getting riders are able to purchase duty free shop merchandises in a special store turn up in the baggage demand area .
The store is turn up in front end of the international concourse, take up a big division of the depot's breadth, although riders is able to circularize it. In 2008, the airport post a fence, and rows of shopping cart which stopped most of the way around it, so that most riders on the outlet to the international voyages were funnelled through the tax-free store. At 1 point there was even a sign disallowing riders from walking around the store, but this was presently take. The fencing funnelling riders through the store were take away after unfavorable judgment of the layout.
Art
At its origin, the airport included many pieces of art, including sound shower installments and travel mental images.
Near the E6 state highway junction major to the airport, there is a distinctive, 14 m broad sculpture by Norwegian creative person Vebjørn Sand, the Kepler Star. It dwells of 2 Kepler-Poinsot polyhedrons. Illuminated internally, and mounted on a tall and dark stand, After dark, it looks like a giant star in the sky.
Airport hotel
The airport deepen includes the adjacent Radisson SAS Airport Hotel, a 7-storey construction with over 500 appartment, surviving Norway's 2nd biggest hotel. The hotel is within walking distance of the depot construction, about 150 m from the reaches lounge. The hotel houses 60 conference appartment, of which the biggest is able to adapt up to 1000 mortals. The hotel was finished shortly after the airport was kick off and spread out in 2006 as claim for appartment and conference installations increased significantly.
Passenger figs
| Year | No of riders | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 19.3 million | 1.6 % |
| 2007 | 19.0 million | 7.8 % |
| 2006 | 17.7 million | 11.2 % |
| 2005 | 15.9 million | 6.7 % |
| 2004 | 14.9 million | 9.6 % |
| 2003 | 13.6 million | 1.5 % |
| 2002 | 13.4 million | −4.3 % |
| 2001 | 14.0 million | −1.4 % |
| 2000 | 14.2 million | 0.7 % |
| 1999 | 14.1 million | – |
Future programmes
Due to the rapid rider ontogeny, the airport has already surpassed its original capacity boundary of 17 million riders per annum and presently to hit the critical boundary of 20 million within few yr.
There are architectural plans for increasing the depot area by adding a new depot two located 500 metres northward of the present depot, this is linked by an subway transition and may be finished in 2012 at the earliest. T2 will support to 8 aeroplanes. This thought was called even before the pass completion of the airport, it was hence included in the development programs of the airport as a whole. Also set about in 2009 with the same anticipated pass completion date as T2 is a new wharf for the current depot, that will maintain an additional 10 aircraft. This enlargement will also include an enlargement of the check-in area .
The Government has talked about the chance of a 3rd landing track in the time to come, but it is not planned to be finished until 2030. Though judges by Avinor demonstrate that the landing track shall be necessary by 2030, critics have pointed out that much bigger airports, such as London Heathrow Airport, only have 2 landing track. Still, the Norwegian Minister of Transport, Liv Signe Navarsete (Sp), has stated that distributing the traffic between the 3 airports will effect in incommodiousness for air riders and a massive take for inter-airport dry land transportation system, but she still has denoted that she is opposed to a 3rd landing track.
Ground transport
Situated approximately 50 kilometre from the town centre, Oslo Airport offers continued public transporting services. The airport has the world's highest level of intermodal rider transportation system with a percentage of 60 %.
Rail transport
Main article: Oslo Airport StationWith the building of the airport it was make up one's mind to construct a high-speed airport rail link up. The 64 klicks (40 mi) Gardermobanen opened the same solar day as the airport, and runs in a burrow beneath the airport installations. The rail station is made into the airport depot. The independent service is the Airport Express Train that functions to Oslo Central Station in 19 min. 6 clips each 60 minute, with 3 services elongating forwards to Asker. The Airport Express Train has a 34 % dry land transport percentage.
Norges Statsbaner (NSB) also functions from the airport, both a commuter railroad train service to Eidsvoll and Kongsberg and an intercity service northward to Oppland/Hedmark and southward to Vestfold. Both offer services to Oslo, and the latter lets direct service to Sandefjord Airport, Torp. Also 5 evince railroad train to Trondheim halt at the airport. NSB has a 7 % marketplace percentage.
Bus
The Oslo Airport Express Coach assist the airport, from Oslo, Fredrikstad, Ski and Gjøvik. In addition most show coaches from other divisions of Norway halt at the airport. The local transport dominance, Ruter, functions a figure of services to Gardermoen from nearby locations. Buses have a 18 % marketplace percentage.
Road
The airport is turn up merely off European path E6. There are 11,400 parking space at the airport, as good as cab stand up and renting auto installations. Market parts for parked auto are 18 %, for lift up/drop off 12 %, cab 2 % and renting auto 6 %.
Original article.