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John F. Kennedy Airport
Airport Directory » United States » New York » John F. Kennedy AirportJohn F. Kennedy International Airport (IATA: JFK, ICAO: KJFK, FAA LID: JFK) is an international airport turn up in Queens County, New York in southeastern New York City approximately twelve land mile (19 kilometre) from Lower Manhattan. It is the top international air rider gateway to the United States and is also the direct load gateway to the country by rate of despatches. The airport is functioned by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which oversees the 2 other leading airports in the New York metropolitan area , Newark Liberty and LaGuardia. JFK airport is the base of functioning for JetBlue Airways and is also a leading international gateway hub for Delta Air Lines and American Airlines. Ninety air hose function out of JFK. The airport is named after John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States.
History
Construction
JFK Airport was earlier known as Idlewild Airport (IATA: IDL, ICAO: KIDL, FAA LID: IDL) after the Idlewild Golf Course which it preempted. The airport was originally projected as a stand-in for LaGuardia Airport, which was already present signs of deficient capacity in the late 1930s. Construction set about in 1943; about $60 million was ab initio passed, but only 1,000 acres (400 ha) of district on the location of the Idlewild links course were allowed for use.
The labor was renamed Major General Alexander E. Anderson Airport in 1943 after a Queens inhabitant who had commanded a Federalized National Guard unit in the southern United States and who had buy the farm in late 1942. In March 1948, the New York City Council once again modified the name of the airport to New York International Airport, Anderson Field, but the name "Idlewild" stay in general use until 1963.
The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey rent the airport belonging from the City of New York in 1947 and back up this rent currently. The 1st commercial voyage at the airport was on July 1, 1948; the opening observance was go to by President Harry Truman. Upon opening Idlewild, the Port Authority scrubbed foreign air hose' allows to use LaGuardia, efficaciously squeezing them to travel to the new airport.
The airport was renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport in 1963, one calendar month after the kill of President John F. Kennedy.
Development
The Port Authority originally projected a individual 55-gate depot for the airport, but the major air hose of the clip did not hold with this programme, reasoning that the depot shall be far to a fault little for time to come traffic. Architect Wallace Harrison then projected a master program under which each major air hose at the airport shall be given its own infinite to evolve its own depot project. This strategy do building more practical, do depots more navigable and presented inducements for air hose to contend with each other for the most good project. The revised master programme run across air hose blessing in 1955.
- The International Arrivals Building was the 1st new depot task at the airport. It was projected by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and characteristic perpendicular "finger" docks to let a greater figure of aircraft to parkland, a major project invention at the clip.
- United Airlines opened Terminal 9, a Skidmore project similar to that of the IAB, in October 1959. Eastern Airlines opened its Chester L. Churchill-designed Terminal 1 one calendar month after.
- American Airlines opened its Terminal eight in 1960. The depot was projected by Kahn and Jacobs and got known for its 317 human foot (97 m) stained glass frontage projected by Robert Sowers, which was the biggest stained glass installment in the world until 1979. The frontage was take in 2007 as the depot was pulverised to do appartment for the new Terminal eight; American named the prohibitive cost of taking the enormous installment.
- Pan American World Airways opened the Worldport (currently Terminal three) in 1960. It characteristic a big, elliptical roof suspended by 32 positions of radial stations and cables; the roof continued 114 human foot (35 m) beyond the ground of the depot to cover the rider loading area . It was 1 of the 1st airline depots in the world to characteristic Jetways that linked to the depot and that is able to be travel to supply an easy walk for riders from the depot to a docked aircraft, instead than having to board the aeroplane outside via airstairs, which go down from an aircraft, via truck-mounted mobile steps, or via wheeled steps.
- Trans World Airlines opened the TWA Flight Center in 1962. The depot was projected by Eero Saarinen and its distinctive characteristic got a famous mental image of JFK. With the demise of TWA in 2001, the depot got vacant. In 2005, JetBlue Airways and the Port Authority financed the building of a new 26 entrance depot behind the Saarinen construction, branded as Terminal 5, which opened on October 22, 2008. T5 is linked to the Saarinen central construction through the original "tubing" which link up the construction to the outlying entrances; the central construction is being renovated and will reopen at a after date as an entry point to T5.
- Northwest Airlines , Braniff International and Northeast Airlines opened a joint depot in 1962.
- National Airlines opened the Sundrome (currently Terminal six) in 1970. The depot was projected by Pei Cobb Freed & Partners. In 2001, United Airlines be after to reformulate this depot and the TWA Flight Center as a new United depot, but the air hose after cut down its functioning at JFK and abandoned programmes for a future JFK hub. Terminal six was subsequently used by JetBlue Airways, and is now vacant coming after JetBlue's travel to Terminal 5.
JFK was projected to adapt aircraft no bigger than a Douglas DC-6 and had to be significantly modified in the late 1960s to adapt Boeing 747s.
By the mid-1980s, JFK had catch up with Newark International Airport to get New York City's busiest airport. The supersonic Concorde, functioned by Air France and British Airways, furnished scheduled trans-Atlantic supersonic service to JFK from 1977 until 2003, when Concorde was retired by both bearers. JFK had the most Concorde functioning each year of anybody airport in the world.
JFK is now undergoing a $10.3 billion overhaul. The airport set about building of the AirTrain JFK mass rapid transit system in 1998; finished in December 2003, the rail web connects each airport depot to New York City metros and regional commuter trains at Howard Beach and Jamaica, Queens. The airport opened a new Terminal one in 1998, and the $1.4 billion replacing for the International Arrivals Building, Terminal 4, opened in 2001. Construction has been finished on JetBlue Airways's new Terminal 5, which integrates the historic landmark TWA FlightCenter depot, while Terminals eight and nine are undergoing renovation as 1 individual Terminal eight for the American Airlines hub. In 2008 the Port Authority Board of Commissioners okayed a $20 million programming survey for the renovation of Terminals two and 3, the hub of Delta Air Lines.
On March 19, 2007, JFK got the 1st airport in the United States to have the Airbus A380 with riders aboard. The route-proving voyage with more than 500 riders was functioned jointly by Lufthansa and Airbus and arrived at Terminal 1. On August 1, 2008, JFK had the 1st regularly-scheduled commercial A380 voyage to the United States, functioned by Emirates on its New York-Dubai path using Terminal 4. This service was suspended indefinitely in 2009, due to poor rider claim.
Accidents and incidents
Wikinews has tidings related to:- Four nailed in game to bomb base at JFK International Airport, New York City
- Four nailed in game to bomb base at JFK International
- JFK airport depot evacuated due to suspicious parcel
JFK has been the location of several eminent air power accidents and incidents.
- December 18, 1954 - a Linee Aeree Italiane Douglas DC-6 crashed on its 4th draw close try to bring down at Idlewild (the former name of JFK), after circling for 2.5 60 minutes. 26 of the 32 riders on board were assassination.
- December 16, 1960 - a United Airlines Douglas DC-8 collided with a TWA Super Constellation on draw close to the airport; the United jet plane crashed in a Brooklyn vicinity, the TWA airplane on Staten Island, assassination 127 individuals on board and 5 on the dry land.
- March 1, 1962 - American Airlines Flight 1 , a Boeing 707 crashed on takeoff from Idlewild after its rudder divided from the tail. All 95 riders and twelve crew member were assassination.
- November 30, 1962 - an Eastern Air Lines Douglas DC-7 crashed into the dry land during a lost draw close.
- February 8, 1965 - an Eastern Air Lines Douglas DC-7 crashed off Jones Beach after takeoff when the airplane pilots constitute themselves on an apparent collision class with an inbound Pan Am Boeing 707 and do evasive guides.
- 1967 - The Air France Robbery directed $420,000 in hard currency brought in as Air France load.
- September 8, 1970 - a Trans International Airlines DC-8-63CF ferry voyage to Dulles International Airport crashed on takeoff from landing track 13R, assassination all 11 crewmembers on board. The DC-8 bottom set about going around in a nose-high mental attitude 1,500 human foot (460 m) into the take-off. After getting airborne at 2,800 human foot (850 m) down the landing track, the aircraft go up to approximately 300-500 human foot, turned over 20 levels to the go forth, crashed and take fire. The loss of sky command was do by the entrapment of a pointed, asphalt-covered physical object between the leading border of the right lift and the right horizontal spar vane access door in the abaft division of the stabilizer.
- December 1, 1974 - Northwest Orient Flight 6231 a Boeing 727 leased to lift up the Baltimore Colts in Buffalo crashed near Thiells, New York. The voyage go away John F. Kennedy International Airport with only the cockpit crew onboard. The pitot heat energy was not turned on and the tube iced over during climb up out doing the airspeed readings undependable. The aeroplane procrastinated going across 23,000' and the crew was unable to find command. All three crewmembers onboard were assassination.
- June 24, 1975 - Eastern Air Lines Flight 66, a Boeing 727 on final draw close from New Orleans, crashed into the landing track visible radiation short of landing track 22L, assassination 112 riders and crew. The make of the crash was air current shear during a heavy electrical storm.
- December 11, 1978 - The Lufthansa burglarize pointed over $5 million in hard currency and precious stone on a Lufthansa voyage coming from Germany; at the clip, it was the biggest hard currency robbery of all time perpetrated on American grunge.
- January 25, 1990 - Avianca Flight 52, a Boeing 707-321B getting from Bogotá and Medellin, crashed at Cove Neck, Long Island, after a lost draw close at JFK and later run out of fuel.
- July 30, 1992 - TWA Flight 843, a Lockheed L-1011 going away for San Francisco, aborted takeoff shortly after liftoff. There were no fatalities amongst the 280 riders, although the aircraft was destruct.
- November 12, 2001 - American Airlines Flight 587, an Airbus A300 crashed while en path to Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic. During climb up, the aircraft lost most of its tail fin due to the co-pilot's overcontrol of the rudder while running across wake turbulency, and crashed into the Belle Harbor vicinity of Queens. The crash assassination all 260 individuals on the airplane and 5 individuals on the dry land.
- On six September 2007, Tam Airlines Flight 8080 endured a heavy districting due to the lifts not reacting in the districting flame up. An probe bring out that #2 voyage command primary information processing system did not fit #1 and #3 computing machine, directing erroneous messages to the actuators for the lifts.
Other accidents and incidents regarding JFK include:
- Sabena Flight 548 (1961), outbound from JFK, crashed while attempting to bring down in Brussels, Belgium
- Eastern Air Lines Flight 401 (1972), outbound from JFK, crashed while attempting to bring down in Miami, Florida
- Pan Am Flight 1736 (1977), arise from LAX and halt at JFK, collided with another 747 at Tenerife
- LOT Polish Airlines Flight 007 (1980), outbound from JFK, crashed while attempting to bring down in Warsaw, Poland
- Korean Air Lines Flight 007 (1983), arise from JFK, shoot down by Soviet jet plane interceptors off the seashore of Sakhalin, believing it was a undercover agent airplane that had moved into its air space
- Pan Am Flight 103 (1988), bond for JFK, with elongated service to Detroit, set off over Lockerbie, Scotland
- TWA Flight 800 (1996), outbound from JFK, detonated shortly after takeoff, and crashed off the seashore of Long Island
- Swissair Flight 111 (1998), outbound from JFK, crashed off the seashore of Nova Scotia
- EgyptAir Flight 990 (1999), outbound from JFK, crashed off the seashore of Nantucket
- Air France Flight 4590 (2000), a Concorde bond for JFK, crashed in Gonesse, France
- Korean Air Flight 85 (2001), bond for JFK on September 11, was escorted by scrapper jet plane to Whitehorse International Airport during Operation Yellow Ribbon on fearfulnesses it may have been commandeered. This was not the example; the airplane was low on fuel, and consorting to a public matters functionary at the airport, there was also a communicating job with the air crew. When the aeroplane district, witnesses accounted that the Royal Canadian Mounted Police say the crew out at point. The entire incident was a being amiss do by a nonfunctional transponder.
- On June 2, 2007, federal dominances denoted that 4 mortals had been nailed in connexion with an averred panic secret plan to assail the JFK Airport. FBI functionaries state the adult male, 1 of whom was a former air freight employee at the airport, be after to explode depot constructions and jet plane fuel base..
Infrastructure and services
Traffic and statistics
In 2007, the airport dealt 47.8 million riders; Newark Liberty dealt approximately 36.3 million and LaGuardia approximately 24.8 million, making for a aggregative of about 109 million travellers using New York's airports.
JFK brings approximately $30.1 billion in economical action to the New York City district, bringing forth 229,000 occupations and approximately $9.8 billion in earnings and wages. About 35,000 individuals are used at the airport.
By riders transported, the biggest air hose at JFK are JetBlue Airways (28.3%), American Airlines (16.0%), Delta Air Lines (14.4%), Comair/Delta Connection (3.2%) and British Airways (2.9%).
Nearly 100 air hose from over 50 commonwealths function on a regular basis scheduled voyages from JFK. The JFK-London Heathrow path is the direct U.S. international airport brace with over 2.9 million riders in 2004. Domestic move also accounts for a big part of airport traffic, especially transcontinental and Florida service.
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Air cargo
JFK is the land’s busiest international air cargo gateway by rate of despatches and the 2nd busiest aggregative by rate including all air, district and sea U.S. load gateways. Over 21% of all U.S. international air cargo by rate and 11% by tonnage duty moved through JFK in 2003.
The JFK air freight complex is a Foreign Trade Zone which de jure lies outside the usages area of the United States. JFK is a major hub for air freight between the United States and Europe. London, Brussels and Frankfurt are JFK's 3 top ship route. The European airports are largely a link up in a global furnish concatenation, nevertheless. The top destination market place for load winging out of JFK in 2003 were Tokyo, Seoul and London. Similarly, the top beginning marketplaces for imports at JFK were Seoul, Hong Kong, and Taipei, with London taking the 4th topographic point.
Nearly 100 load air bearers function out of JFK, amongst them: Air China Cargo, Air France, ABX Air, Aerologic (functioning set about mid 2009), Asiana, Astar Air Cargo, Atlas Air, CAL Cargo Air Lines, Cargolux, Cargoitalia (functioning start out May 2009), Cathay Pacific Cargo, China Airlines, DHL, EVA Air, Evergreen International Airlines, Nippon Cargo Airlines, FedEx Express, Japan Airlines, Kalitta Air, Korean Air, Royal Jordanian, Lufthansa Cargo, , Skylink Aviation, United Cargo, UPS, , Southern Air. Top five bearers together transported 33.1% of all “gross” cargo in 2005: American Airlines (10.9% of the aggregative), FedEx Express (8.8%), Lufthansa Cargo (5.2%), Korean Air Cargo (4.9%), China Airlines (3.8%).
Most freight and care installations at JFK are turn up northward and due west of the independent depot area . DHL, FedEx Express, Japan Airlines, Lufthansa, Nippon Cargo Airlines and United Airlines have freight installations at JFK. In 2000, Korean Air Cargo opened a new $102 million freight depot at JFK with aggregative floor area of 81,124 square foot (7,536.7 mtwo) and capacity of care 200,000 short ton each year. In 2007, American Airlines opened a new precedency share service installation at their Terminal 8, characteristic 30-minute drop-offs and pick-ups for precedency share despatches within the US.
Runways and operational base
Four landing track (2 brace of parallel landing track) skirt the airport's central depot area .
| Number | Length | Width | ILS | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13R-31L | 14,572 human foot (4,442 m) | 150 human foot (46 m) | Cat. I (31L) | Second-longest commercial landing track in North America (the longest is a 16,000 human foot (4,900 m) landing track at Denver International Airport). Adjacent to Terminals 1, 2 and 3. Handles about 1 one-half of the airport's scheduled going. Scheduled to close up for 120 solar days in 2010 to be continued and resurfaced. |
| 4R-22L | 8,400 human foot (2,600 m) | 200 human foot (61 m) | Cat. III (both ways) | Equipped at both finishes with Approach Lighting Systems (ALS) with sequenced exhibitionists, and touchdown zone (TDZ) visible radiation. The 1st Engineered Materials Arresting System (EMAS) in North America was set up at the northeast finish of the landing track in 1996. The bed dwells of cellular cement stuff, which is able to safely slow down and halt an aircraft that infests the landing track. The arrestor bed conception was rise and germinated by the Port Authority and set up at JFK Airport as a joint research and development labor with the FAA and industry. |
| 4L-22R | 11,351 human foot (3,460 m) | 150 human foot (46 m) | Cat. I (both ways) | Adjacent to Terminals four and 5. Both finishes let instrument landing down to three-quarters of a land mile visibleness. Takeoffs is able to be dealt with eighth of a land mile visibleness. |
| 13L-31R | 10,000 human foot (3,000 m) | 150 human foot (46 m) | Cat. II (13L); Cat. I (31R) | Equipped at both finishes with ILS and ALS systems. Runway 13L has 2 additional optical helps for districting aircraft, a Visual Approach Slope Indicator System (VASI) and a Lead-In Lighting System (LDIN). The ILS on 13L, alongside with TDZ visible radiation, lets landings down to one-half a land mile visibleness. Takeoffs is able to be do with visibleness of eighth of a land mile. |
JFK has over 25 land mile (40 kilometre) of taxi strip to travel aircraft in and around the field. The standard breadth of these taxi strip is 75 human foot (23 m), with 25-foot (7.6 m) heavy-duty shoulders and 25-foot (7.6 m) eating away command pavings on each side. The taxi strip have center line visible lights and are mostly of asphalt concrete physical composition 15 to 18 ins (460 millimeter) thick. An illuminated sign system furnishes directional info for cabbing aircraft.
The Air Traffic Control Tower, projected by Pei Cobb Freed & Partners and build on the ramp-side of Terminal 4, start out full FAA functioning in October 1994 and is the tallest in the world at 320 human foot (98 m). An Airport Surface Detection Equipment (ASDE) microwave radar unit sit down atop the tower. A gas-fired electrical cogeneration constitute brings forth electricity for the airport, with an end product of approximately 90 megawatts. It uses caloric free energy from the capture of squander heat energy to heat energy and cool all of the rider depots and other installations in the central depot area .
Aircraft service installations include 7 aircraft depots, an engine overtake construction, a 32-million gal aircraft fuel storage installation, and a motortruck garage.
Information services
In the immediate neck of the woods of the airport, parkland and other info is able to be obtained by line to a main road advisory radio station at 1630 AM. A 2nd station at 1700 AM supplies info on traffic comes to for drivers going away the airport.
Kennedy Airport, alongside with LaGuardia and Newark airports, uses a uniform fashion of signing throughout the airport belongings. Yellow signs direct riders to air hose entrances, ticketing and other voyage services; viridity signs direct riders to dry land transportation system services, and black signs direct to public toilet, telephone sets and other rider comforts.
A former New York City traffic newsman, Bernie Wagenblast, supplies the voice for the airport's radio station and the messages heard onboard AirTrain JFK and in its stations.
Access
Main article: Transportation to New York City area airportsRail
JFK is plugged in to New York's tube and commuter train rail system by AirTrain JFK. AirTrain halts at all depots, parking lot, hotel shuttle area , auto renting mountains, two subway stations & the Long Island Rail Road. It is free within the airport and $5 to hit the subway stations outside the airport circumference. Travel clip between JFK and Midtown Manhattan is about 30–40 min. (depending on the rising/ending depot at JFK) using AirTrain and the Long Island Rail Road at Jamaica Station ($8 to $12); or about 75 min. between JFK and Downtown Manhattan using AirTrain and the New York City Subway A railroad train at Howard Beach-JFK Station($2) or the E (to Midtown Manhattan), J and Z (to Downtown Manhattan) railroad train at Sutphin Boulevard Station ($2).
A Lower Manhattan-Jamaica/JFK Transportation Project has been advised to link the AirTrain to Lower Manhattan.
Bus
Several town bus line relate JFK to the New York City Subway and Long Island Rail Road, including the Q3, Q6, Q7, Q10 (Local/Limited), and B15, with free transportations supplied for metro connexions. The coaches are invalid accessible. There are also many private bus line functioning evince coaches to Manhattan, the Hudson Valley, and Long Island.
In addition, China Airlines furnishes private bus company to the coming after destinations for its clients:
- Citibank in Fort Lee, New Jersey
- Top Quality Food Market 828 Rt. 46 in Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey
- Kam Man Food Inc. at 511 Old Post Road in Edison, New Jersey
- Holy Redeemer Church in the Chinatown of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Avianca functions a private bus company from JFK to Union City and Elizabeth in New Jersey for its clients.
Lan Airlines also offers complimentary service for riders move on their voyages to Lima, Santiago, and Buenos Aires from New Jersey’s Paterson Station, Union City Station and Newark Station. Passengers go on Lan Ecuador's voyages to Quito and Guayaquil is able to also use the complimentary service.
Taxi
New York City's yellowness taxi, functioned by the New York City Taxi & Limousine Commission, offer a flat value service of $45 from JFK airport to Manhattan, excepting tips and prices. Since November 30, 2006, this flat value menu (excepting tips and prices) uses to go from Manhattan to JFK as good. Depending on the time of solar day, cab move from JFK to Midtown Manhattan is able to be as quick as 35 min.. Door-to-door Car Service is another popular transit option.
Car
JFK Airport is easy accessible by auto and is turn up in southern Queens on Van Wyck Expressway (I-678), which is able to be get at from Belt Parkway, Grand Central Parkway and Queens Boulevard. A beltway plugs in the airport depots to the Belt Parkway and the Van Wyck Expressway. The airport offers clients over 17,000 parking zone, included in multi-level parkland garages, surface infinites in the Central Terminal Area, a long-term car parking and valet parkland.
Van Wyck Expressway worms through the depot cell nucleus and turns into the JFK Expressway. This four-lane state highway allows for more convenient access to the airport for Long Island users via the westbound Belt Parkway. Because it lies about all within Kennedy Airport, the JFK Expressway was build, and is back up by the Port Authority. The JFK Expressway was made as division of an ongoing, multi-billion pass of Kennedy Airport that set out in the late 1980s. It was projected to alleviate up to 30 percentage of the traffic volume from the Van Wyck Expressway. Approximately six major rental auto corporations assist JFK Airport, with renting places turn up on and off the airport. Each depot's reaches stage (normally near the luggage roundabout) has either a rental auto counter or courtesy telephone set for each of the auto renting corporations.
Helicopter
US Helicopter functions on a regular basis scheduled voyages every 60 minute between Terminal three and the East 34th Street Heliport. Passengers traveling by eggbeater to the airport pass through a security checkpoint at the heliport, not at JFK. The voyages last eight min. and cost $159 each fashion. On May 14, 2007, US Helicopter locomoted its functioning from Terminal nine to Terminal 3.
New York Airways furnished eggbeater service from JFK to other area airports and heliports from 1955 to 1979, and Pan American World Airways elongated Manhattan eggbeater service during the 1980s in say to feed its JFK voyages. During the 1970s, New York Helicopter offered JFK voyages from the top of the Pan Am Building in midtown Manhattan, but this service was call off after a major accident in 1977. US Helicopter set about its services at the Downtown Manhattan Heliport in 2006, but this service was suspended as of November 1, 2008 due to issues with the security functioning of the new operator of the installation.
Original article.