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Stansted Airport
Airport Directory » United Kingdom » London » Stansted AirportMap present place of London Stansted Airport in Essex
London Stansted Airport (IATA: STN, ICAO: EGSS) is a rider airport turn up at Stansted Mountfitchet in the District of Uttlesford in Essex, 48 kilometre (30 mi) north east of central London. It is 2.5 NM (4.6 kilometre; 2.9 mi) northward nor'-east of Bishop's Stortford and approximately 6 mi (9.7 kilometre) outside Harlow.
Stansted is a hub for a figure of major European low-cost bearers. It is the 3rd busiest airport in the United Kingdom and is the 3rd biggest airport assisting the London area after Heathrow and Gatwick; and it is 1 of London's 5 international airports alongside with Luton and London City. Stansted is owned and functioned by BAA, which also owns and functions 6 other UK airports, including Heathrow and Gatwick, and is itself owned by an international syndicate guided by the Spanish Ferrovial Group.
Overview
Stansted Airport has 1 independent rider depot, a private aircraft depot and a freight station. There are 3 rider artificial satellites in which the departure entrances are located, 2 link up to the independent depot by an air-bridge and the other by the Stansted Airport Transit System mortals mover. The depot installations include several bureau de change, baggage services, stores, eating house and bars as good as cyberspace access. Car engage and cab is able to also be set up from within the depot construction.
The depot construction was projected by Foster Associates and characteristics a "be adrift" roof, back up by a infinite frame of inverted-pyramid roof trusses, making the belief of a stylized aver in voyage. The ground of each truss building is a "public utility pillar", which supplies indirect uplighting light and is the place for air-conditioning, water, telecommunications, and electrical mercantile establishments. The layout of the airport is planned to supply an unobstructed flowing for riders to arrive at the short-stay auto parkland, move through the check-in hallway, go through security measures and on to the departure entrances all on the same stage.
From 1997 to 2007 Stansted saw rapid enlargement of rider figure on the dorsum of the din in low cost air locomote, top out at 24 million riders in the twelve calendar month to October 2007, but since then rider figure have been in worsen. Passengers in the twelve calendar month to March 2009 aggregative 21.6 million.
History
World War II
During World War II Stansted Mountfitchet Airfield was used by the Royal Air Force and the United States Army Air Force as a bomber field and as a major upkeep hangar. Although the functionary name was Stansted Mountfitchet, the ground was known as just Stansted in both pen and talked characteristic.
The station was 1st apportioned to the USAAF Eighth Air Force in August 1942 as a bomber field. Its USAAF Station Code was 169. Later, in October, Stansted was pick out to be an advanced air hangar for the nineth Air Force Martin B-26 Marauder medium bombers. Construction was carry out by the United States Army 817th, 825th and 850th Engineering Battalions, which finished the field by mid-1943.
344th Bombardment Group
Stansted was officially opened on seven August 1943 when the 30th Air Depot Group take up abode. The field was officially reassigned to the Ninth Air Force on 16 October.
The 344th Bombardment Group arrived at Stansted on eight February 1944, from Hunter Army Airfield in Georgia winging the twin-engine B-26 Marauder. Its operational squadrons and fuselage codifications were 494th (K9), 495th (Y5), 496th (N3), and 497th (7I).
The 344th BG set about functioning in March 1944, assailing fields, missile locations, marshaling paces, pigboat shelters, coastal defences and other marks in German-occupied France, Belgium, and the Netherlands. Beginning in May, the 344th assisted prepare for the Normandy invasion by striking vital spans in France.
The 344th Bombardment Group was take to direct the IX Bomber Command formations on D-Day, with the 1st aircraft depart at 04:twelve 60 minutes to assail coastal batteries in Cherbourg. During the balance of June it back up the drive that ensued in the capture of the Cotentin Peninsula.
The unit also supported places to attend to British pressures in the area of Caen and had a Distinguished Unit Citation for a three-day activeness against the enemy in late July when the group struck troop concentrations, furnish dumps, a span and a railway viaduct to attend to progressing army at St Lo.
On 30 September the 344th go to their Advanced Landing Ground at Cormeilles-en-Vexin, France). While at Stansted the group winged over 100 missionary station and lost 26 aircraft in armed combat.
2d Tactical Air Depot
As good as being an operational bomber ground, Stansted field was a criminal maintenance and provide hangar touched with major passes and alteration of B-26s. After D-Day these actions were reassigned to France, but the ground was still used as a provide storage area for the back up of aircraft on the continent.
Postwar use
After the withdrawal of the Americans on twelve August 1945, Stansted was taken over by the Air Ministry and used by No. 263 Maintenance Unit, RAF for storage intentions. In addition, between March 1946 and August 1947, Stansted was used for housing German POWs. The Ministry of Civil Aviation eventually take charge of Stansted in 1949, but the US armed forces returned in 1954 to continue the landing track for a possible transport to NATO. The transport to NATO was ne'er realized, nevertheless, and the airport returned to polite use in 1957, wind up under BAA command in 1966.
During the 60s, 70s and early 80s the Fire Service Training School (FSTS) was found on the Eastern side of the Airfield under the aegises of the Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation, currently the Civil Aviation Authority. The School was responsible for the preparation of all Aviation Fire Crews for UK Airfields as good as for many abroad commonwealths.
Commercial functioning
Beginning in 1966, after Stansted was location under BAA command, the airport was used by vacation charter operators wishing to get away the higher costs connected with functioning from Heathrow and Gatwick. From the commencement, nevertheless, BAA and the British authority planned to evolve Stansted into London's 3rd airport, to alleviate Heathrow and Gatwick of surplus over-crowding in the time to come. The airport's 1st depot construction opened in 1969 and was spread out the next yr to manage the turning figure of riders.
In 1984, the authority okayed a architectural plan to evolve Stansted in 2 stages, regarding both field and depot improvements that would increase the airport's capacity to 15 million riders per yr. Construction of the current depot construction set about in 1988 and was finished in March 1991, and was projected by the internationally hailed Sir Norman Foster.
Long-haul voyages
Long-haul scheduled services set about in the early 1990s when American Airlines functioned a transatlantic service between Stansted and Chicago, nevertheless the path was unprofitable and was move back. Continental Airlines also functioned services in the late 1990s from Newark, but this service was halt shortly after the September 11, 2001 assails.
Israeli air hose El Al stopped its scheduled voyages between Stansted and Tel Aviv in May 2009, voyages currently going away from Luton. There are currently only charter voyages functioned by Israir Airlines.
Long-haul services to the USA returned in late 2005, when Eos Airlines and MAXjet Airways set about all-business-class services from Stansted to New York-JFK Airport. In 2006, MAXjet spread out their service with voyages to Washington, D.C., Las Vegas and Los Angeles. American Airlines commenced daily voyages to Stansted in October 2007 from New York-JFK and was originally anticipated to function a 2nd daily voyage from April 2008. However, all 3 services to the USA have since been stopped coming after the demise of MAXjet Airways in December 2007 and Eos Airlines in April 2008. Finally, in July 2008 American Airlines pulled away from the airport, enchantment the finish of Stansted transatlantic rider functioning.
Stansted also had scheduled and charter voyages to Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver, but these voyages to Canada have currently stopped.
Long-haul services to Asia set about in March 2009 with Malaysian low-cost airline Air Asia X furnishing direct voyages to Kuala Lumpur using an Airbus A340-300. The air hose has currently purchased a 2nd A340-300 to change over the voyages from five clips weekly to daily from first July.
Pakistan International Airlines have re-introduced its services from Stansted to Islamabad, Lahore and Dubai from 29 March 2009, although the paths are impermanent being suspended before re-starting on the 17 June.
Proposed enlargement
Until 2008 the airport's capacity was limited to a maximal throughput of 25 million riders per annum (25mppa) in accord with recommendations do by the public research in 1984 and support by the Government of the solar day. In November 2006 Uttlesford land council rejected a BAA programming practical application to increase the allowed figure of aircraft motions and to take the boundary on rider figure. BAA like a shot appealed against the determination and a public research was set up that endured from May to October 2007. Planning Inspector Alan Boyland do his recommendations in January 2008. Those recommendations were mostly come after by the Secretary of State for Transport (Geoff Hoon) and the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government (Hazel Blears), who jointly let the applier's Appeal in October 2008. A legal dispute by community political campaign group Stop Stansted Expansion (SSE) was rejected by the High Court on 13 March 2009. SSE denoted that it would see a further prayer.
On 11 March 2008 BAA subjected a programming practical application for the building of a 2nd landing track and depot, in line with a recommendation in the 2003 Air Transport White Paper (ATWP). This shall be the topic of another public research. If okayed, a 2nd landing track would permit Stansted to deal more riders than Heathrow does currently.
The ATWP expected that a 2nd landing track shall be operational by 2011. BAA's 2008 programming practical application imagined functioning setting about in 2015. In 2009 BAA revised the expected opening date to 2017. The public research into BAA's 2nd landing track practical application was scheduled to start out on 15 April 2009, but the start out has been hold up by Hazel Blears to let clip for BAA and the Government to see the entailments of the March 2009 Competition Commission's patterning that BAA moldiness sell Stansted within 2 yr.
The advised enlargement came into battle with the listed construction rules when it emerged that 18 named constructions would take to be pulverised.
A major enlargement program to the being depot took location between 2007 and 2009, adding about 5,900 square meter of floorspace to give infinite for additional luggage roundabouts, a new in-migration and recommendation command hallway and a hypostyle reaches hallway with better installations.
The lobby Stop Stansted Expansion, characteristic in 2002 as a working party of the North West Essex and East Herts Preservation Association, actively political campaigns against what they see as the unsustainable enlargement of the airport.
Original article.