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Tegel Airport
Airport Directory » Germany » Berlin » Tegel AirportBerlin Tegel "Otto Lilienthal" Airport (IATA: TXL, ICAO: EDDT) is the independent international airport in Berlin, Germany. It lies in Tegel, a subdivision of the northern borough of Reinickendorf. Tegel Airport is eminent for its hexangular depot construction around an open foursquare, which makes for walking distances as short as 30 m from the aircraft to the depot outlet. In 2008, the airport assisted over 14,530,000 riders, make it by far the largest Airport assisting Berlin. The airport is scheduled to close in 2012, six calendar month after the pass completion of the new Berlin-Brandenburg International Airport that is slated to care all commercial voyages to and from Berlin.
Tegel Airport assists as ground for Air Berlin, and is a focal point town for Lufthansa and Tuifly. Air Berlin and Lufthansa each deal around 30 percentage of scheduled commercial voyages at the airport.
History
Cold War epoch
During the Berlin Airlift in 1948 what was then the longest landing track in Europe (2,428 m) was made at Tegel.
West Berlin 's special legal position during the Cold War epoch (eight May 1945 – two October 1990) averaged that all air traffic to and from the Western one-half of Germany's split up former and present capital was cut back to the air hose of the 3 Western victorious influences of World War II, i.e. only those headquartered in the US, UK and France. In addition, all flightdeck crew, i.e. airplane pilots, voyage applies scientist and sailing master, winging aircraft into and out of West Berlin through the Allied air corridors were claimed to maintain American, British or French recommendations.
Air France was the 1st air hose to set about regular commercial functioning at Tegel on two January 1960. The air hose make up one's mind to transportation its functioning from Tempelhof Airport to Tegel because the former airport's landing track were excessively short to deal 1st contemporaries jet plane such as the Aérospatiale Caravelle, Boeing 707, de Havilland Comet and Douglas DC-8 without load or bush limitations.
Pan Am got the 2nd air hose to set about year-around, scheduled functioning at Tegel Airport when it established a thrice-weekly service from New York JFK in May 1964. This service was functioned with Boeing 707s or Douglas DC-8s, which is able to not function from Tempelhof - the air hose's West Berlin found at the clip - with a viable load. The service expelled either through Glasgow Prestwick in Scotland or Shannon, Ireland. It lay off in October 1971.
From April 1968 ahead all non-scheduled services, i.e. principally the quickly turning figure of inclusive tour (IT) charter voyages that several whole in private owned, independent UK air hose as good as a figure of US supplemental bearers had functioned from Tempelhof since the early 1960s under contract to West Berlin's guiding package holiday operators, were concentrated at Tegel to relieve increasing over-crowding at the former airport and to make more better use of the latter. (At the clip Tegel was underutilised.) A new rider care installation solely committed to charter airline riders was opened to adapt the additional traffic. Both this installation (a wooden depot) and the original depot used by Air France's and Pan Am's scheduled riders (a pre-fabricated depot) were turn up at the airport's northward side. Following the transport of all charter traffic to Tegel, Channel Airways, Dan-Air Services, Laker Airways and Modern Air Transport set about placing several of their aircraft at the airport. Channel Airways' break in early 1972 supplied the impulsion for Dan-Air to take over the neglected bearer's charter contracts and to spread out its own functioning at Tegel. (Dan-Air, 1 of Britain's first whole in private owned, independent air hose during the 1970s and '80s, finally got the third-biggest operator at Tegel Airport, in front of Air France. In addition to steadfastly constituting itself as the airport's and West Berlin's direct charter air hose, it also function scheduled services connecting Tegel with Amsterdam Schiphol, Saarbrücken and London Gatwick, its briny operational ground. By the clip that air hose was taken over by British Airways at the finish of October 1992, it had assisted Tegel Airport for a twenty-five percent of a century.) Modern Air's going in October 1974 cooccured with Aeroamerica's reaching. That bearer's going coming after the finish of the 1979 summertime season was come after by Air Berlin USA's reaching. Laker Airways' determination to replace its Tegel-based BAC One-Eleven fleet with 1 of its new get Airbus A300 B4 widebodies from the 1981 summertime season ensued in Monarch Airlines taking over that air hose's long-standing charter contract with Flug Union Berlin, at the clip West Berlin's second-largest tour operator (after Berliner Flug Ring). (Several yr after, Monarch Airlines provided the aircraft as good as the flightdeck crew and upkeep back up for EuroBerlin France, a Tegel-based scheduled air hose headquartered in Paris, France. EuroBerlin was jointly owned by Air France and Lufthansa, with the former maintaining a 51% bulk adventure, thereby make it a French legal entity and enabling it to deal commercial airline functioning at West Berlin.)
Other air hose functioning regular services to/from Tegel Airport during the Cold War epoch included:
- Court Line Aviation – a major independent British air hose of the early 1970s that assisted Berlin Tegel with a series of regular charter voyages from its ground at London Luton Airport and Paris Le Bourget Airport between 1970 and March 1974 under contract to West Berlin's student union.
- Touraine Air Transport – a French regional airline assisting Berlin Tegel from Saarbrücken several clips a solar day on a year-around ground from 1978 until early 1984.
- Berlin Regional UK – a Berlin-based UK regional air hose constituted in 1986 by a former British Airways general managing director for that air hose's Berlin functioning to set about domestic and international regional scheduled services to destinations not assisted by anybody of West Berlin's coeval scheduled operators from April 1987, using British Aerospace Jetstream commuter train turbo-propeller plane aeroplanes.
- TWA – the other major US flag bearer of that epoch assisted both Brussels (from two August 1987 ) and Frankfurt Rhein-Main Airport (from 1989 ) from Berlin Tegel twice daily.
- Pan Am Express – the regional commuter train arm of Pan Am set about functioning from Berlin Tegel in November 1987 with 2 Avions de Transport Régional ATR-42 commuter train turbo-propeller planes. It functioned year-around scheduled services to secondary and tertiary destinations that is able to not be viably assisted with Pan Am's Tegel-based "mainline" fleet of Boeing 727-200 "Advanced" and Airbus A310s. These included Basle, Bremen, Dortmund, Hanover, Innsbruck, Kassel, Kiel, Milan, Salzburg, Stockholm and Vienna. In addition, Pan Am Express also assisted Pan Am increase the figure of voyages on some of the other scheduled paths it used to assist from Berlin such as Tegel-Zürich by functioning additional off-peak oftenness.
In addition to the aforementioned air hose, a host of others—mainly British self-employed person and US supplementals—were frequent visitants to Berlin Tegel, particularly during the early 1970s. These included Britannia Airways, British Airtours, British United, Caledonian, Caledonian/BUA / British Caledonian, Capitol International Airways, Overseas National Airways, Saturn Airways, Trans International Airlines, Transamerica Airlines and World Airways. Furthermore, during the early '70s both Pan Am and TWA used to function regular "Advanced Booking Charter (ABC)" voyages from Tegel to the USA as good. During that time period the airport scene at Berlin Tegel is able to be real colorful, with Air France Caravelles, the UK free lance' BAC One-Elevens, de Havilland Comets and Hawker Siddeley Tridents as good as the US supplementals' Boeing 707s, Convair "Coronados" and Douglas DC-8s congregating on its incline. During 1974 exclusively 22 air hose were functioning at Tegel Airport.
The airport's current briny, hexagonally characteristic depot construction, which is turn up at the airport's southward side, got operational on one November 1974. A British Airways Lockheed L-1011 "Tristar" 1, a Laker Airways McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10, a Pan Am Boeing 747-100 and an Air France Airbus A300 B2 were amongst the widebodied aircraft especially winged in on that solar day for the startup of the new depot construction. Dan-Air functioned the 1st commercial voyage to arrive at the airport's new depot at 06.00 a.m. civil time with a BAC One-Eleven that was in-bound from Tenerife.
Following Pan Am's and British Airways' travel from Tempelhof to Tegel on one September 1975, the latter replaced Tempelhof as the independent airport of West Berlin.
Post-reunification epoch
Following Germany's reunion on three October 1990, all access limitations to the former West Berlin airports were bring up.
Lufthansa restarted voyages to Berlin on 28 October 1990, ab initio functioning 12 daily brace of voyages on a limited figure of paths, including Tegel-Cologne, Tegel-Frankfurt and Tegel-London Gatwick. To alleviate the German flag bearer's recommencement of services from/to Berlin, it bought Pan Am's Internal German Services (IGS) part for US$150m. This included Pan Am's internal German traffic rights as good as its entrances and slots at Tegel. This understanding, under which Lufthansa undertake up to 7 of Pan Am's Tegel-based Boeing 727-200 "Advs" functioned by that air hose's flightdeck and cabin crews to provide its scheduled paths to Munich, Nuremberg and Stuttgart until mid-1991, also alleviated Pan Am's orderly way out from the internal German air transport market place after 40 yr' continuous service as EU statute law precluded it from take part in the EU/EEA's internal air transport market place as a non-EU/EEA headquartered bearer. However, Pan Am elongated functioning its daily non-stop Tegel-JFK service until Delta Air Lines presumed most of Pan Am's transatlantic scheduled services during 1991. Pan Am Express, which was not included in Pan Am's IGS sale to Lufthansa, elongated functioning all of its domestic and international regional scheduled paths from Tegel as an independent legal entity until its acquisition by TWA in 1991. Following TWA's coup of Pan Am Express, the former Pan Am Express Berlin functioning were closed. Until December 1994, Lufthansa also undertake EuroBerlin to function some of its internal German voyages from its new Tegel ground, doing use of that air hose's entrances and slots at Tegel as good.
As a US-registered air hose Air Berlin constitute itself in the same state of affairs as Pan Am coming after German reunion. It take to restructure itself as a German corporation.
These were the solar days when relaxation of the EU/EEA internal air transport market place was still in advancement and when domestic traffic rights were still reserved for each fellow member commonwealth's own air hose. The German authority hence take a firm stand that all non-German EU/EEA bearers either pull away their internal German scheduled services from Berlin or transport them to bulk German-owned underling by the finish of 1992. It also desired the majority of all charter voyages from Berlin to be functioned by German air hose. These measure out were forthrightly directed at UK bearers with a major presence in the internal German air transport market place from Berlin as good as the town's charter marketplace, specifically British Airways and Dan-Air. Lufthansa and other German air hose reportedly buttonholed their authority to cut back BA's and Dan-Air's actions in Berlin, reasoning that German air hose savoured no equivalent rights in the UK at the clip. This ensued in BA taking a 49% hazard in Friedrichshafen-based German regional airline Delta Air, renaming it Deutsche BA and reassigning its internal German traffic rights to the new air hose. BA also replaced the commuter train aircraft Deutsche BA had inherited from Delta Air with new Boeing 737-300s. These in turn replaced the Boeing 737-200 "Advs" and BAe ATP airliners BA had used on its internal German scheduled services from Berlin. At the clip of German reunion Dan-Air had 5 aircraft for good posted at Berlin Tegel, consisting 3 Boeing 737s (1 -400, one -300 and 1 -200 "Adv") and 2 HS 748s. The former were used to wing Berlin-based tourists to abroad vacation destinations on IT voyages under contract to German package holiday operators. The latter functioned the air hose's scheduled paths from Tegel to Amsterdam and Saarbrücken. Dan-Air stopped its charter functioning from Berlin on behalf of German tour operators at the finish of the 1990/'91 wintertime season and replaced the aging 748 turbo-propeller plane it had used on its Amsterdam schedule since the mid-1980s with bigger, more progressed BAe 146 100 series jet plane equipment. It also presented new direct scheduled air link up from Berlin to Manchester and Newcastle via Amsterdam. The Saarbrücken path was move back at the finish of the 1991 summertime season, while the Amsterdam path was bit by bit taken over by NLM Cityhopper, the contemporary regional arm of Dutch flag bearer KLM. This cut down Dan-Air's presence in Berlin to a individual daily scheduled service as good as up to 4 weekly charter voyages relating the air hose's Gatwick found with its former abroad ground at Tegel, which were functioned by Gatwick-based aircraft and crews until the company's coup by BA at the finish of October 1992. The reconstituting of Dan-Air's long-established Berlin functioning was not only the resultant role of political modifies. It was also driven by its own corporate reconstituting, which take to refocus the air hose as a Gatwick-based short-haul "mainline" scheduled operator and affected phase out its little aircraft and thinner paths.
Other air hose that set about/resumed scheduled functioning from Berlin Tegel at the start of the post-reunification epoch included Aero Lloyd, Alitalia, American Airlines, Austrian Airlines, SAS Eurolink Swissair and TWA.
Aero Lloyd, Germania and Condor Berlin set about functioning charter voyages from Berlin Tegel during that time period.
| Year | Passagers | Freight | Post | Traffic |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 6.715.402 | 13.585 | 16.002 | 120.344 |
| 1992 | 6.641.634 | 16.493 | 18.705 | 96.896 |
| 1993 | 7.000.168 | 16.060 | 17.672 | 90.750 |
| 1994 | 7.234.345 | 16.625 | 16.869 | 93.103 |
| 1995 | 8.186.512 | 17.131 | 16.229 | 112.521 |
| 1996 | 8.298.736 | 17.836 | 17.525 | 117.247 |
| 1997 | 8.622.359 | 19.043 | 16.465 | 117.495 |
| 1998 | 8.810.476 | 15.183 | 15.639 | 115.092 |
| 1999 | 9.543.437 | 15.349 | 15.887 | 118.188 |
| 2000 | 10.268.325 | 17.096 | 26.792 | 127.668 |
| 2001 | 9.863.870 | 17.578 | 15.977 | 125.484 |
| 2002 | 9.055.002 | 13.787 | 14.258 | 111.334 |
| 2003 | 11.055.303 | 12.800 | 4.665 | 134.395 |
| 2004 | 11.014.062 | 12.009 | 8.044 | 131.875 |
| 2005 | 11.500.454 | 11.246 | 3.125 | 137.288 |
| 2006 | 11.787.960 | 13.490 | 5.522 | 134.322 |
| 2007 | 13.510.188 | 14.830 | 4.823 | 145.423 |
Public transport
The airport is link up to the public transport web of Berlin by coaches, which in turn link the airport to the U-Bahn and S-Bahn, as good as to Regional Express railroad train and long-distance call railroad train.
- The JetExpress TXL jitney runs to Beusselstraße S-Bahn station (ten min. come close running clip), Berlin Hauptbahnhof, the independent railroad terminal (20 min.), Unter lair Linden, and Alexanderplatz (40 min.).
- The X9 evince jitney runs to Jakob-Kaiser Platz U-Bahn station (five min.), Jungfernheide S-Bahn and Regional Express station (ten min.), and Zoologischer Garten U-Bahn/S-Bahn/Regional Express station (20 min.).
- The 109 jitney runs to Jakob-Kaiser Platz U-Bahn station (five min.), Charlottenburg S-Bahn and Regional Express station (20 min.), and Zoologischer Garten U-Bahn/S-Bahn/Regional Express station (30 min.).
- The 128 jitney runs to Kurt-Schumacher-Platz U-Bahn station (ten min.) and Osloer Straße U-Bahn station (25 min.).
All passenger vehicle are functioned by BVG, hence menus are the like on all paths (2.10 Euros for a individual ticket valid for 2 60 minutes within the whole public transport web of Berlin, as of April 2009). Tickets is able to be bought at the info counter in the independent construction, at ticket machines direct at the bus halt and from the busman.
The Alt-Tegel U-Bahn station and Tegel S-Bahn station do not assist Tegel Airport, but the Tegel one-fourth of Berlin. An U-Bahn station direct assisting the airport has been be after since 1960s but was ne'er constructed.
Terminals
Tegel airport dwells of 4 depots. As the airport is little compared to other leading airports, these depots influence be regarded as "hallways" or "boarding area "; however, they are officially bring up to as "depots".
-
The briny construction is the original division of the airport. It dwells of 2 divisions:
- Terminal A is a hexagon-shaped peal concourse with a parking area , cab stand up and bus stop in its center. It characteristic 14 jetway spans which currently fit to 16 respective check-in counters (A00–A15), with jetways one and 14 each assisting 2 check-in counters. There is no transit zone, which averages that each entrance has its own security clearance checkpoint and way out for getting riders. Therefore, direct voyage connexions are not possible. All major air hose come and go away here (particularly "prestigious" voyages like intercontinental services or voyages to the busy European hub airports). It is the only depot that characteristics jetway spans for boarding.
- Terminal B (also named "Nebel-Hall" after German spacefaring open up Rudolf Nebel) is a converted former waiting area in a side wing of the independent construction (check-in counters B20–B39). There is only 1 bus-boarding aircraft stand up direct assisting it.
- Terminal C was opened in May 2007 as a impermanent solution (as the airport is scheduled for closing in 2012) because all other depots were full to capacity. It is used almost solely by Air Berlin, which gave it the name Air-Berlin-Terminal. It characteristic 19 check-in counters (C40–C58) and eight bus-boarding aircraft stand up. Currently, five additional aircraft stand up are build and the construction itself is spread out by about 50 percentage of its original size, in say to deal another 1.5 million riders per yr. The continue depot will house a transit zone for link up riders (which does not be at anybody other depot). Construction work is planned to be finished in August 2009, when Delta Air Lines, Continental Airlines and Hainan Airlines will travel there. Due to noise protection pacts, the aggregative figure of aircraft stand up at Tegel airport is cut back, so aircraft stand up on the apron (assisting Terminals A and D) shall be take.
- Terminal D, a changed over auto parkland, was opened in 2001. It characteristic 22 check-in counters (D70–D91), with 1 bus-boarding entrance and 2 walk-boarding entrances (used largely by TUIfly). Most riders of air hose functioning little aircraft (particularly Lufthansa CityLine) are brought to the distant aircraft stands by coach from here. Terminal D is the only division of the airport that stays open all night long. During off-peak 60 minutes, some voyages are dealt in Terminal A or else.
- Terminal E dwells of 3 check-in counters (E16–E18) with fit bus-boarding entrances located in the lower floor of the independent construction between Terminals A and D.
Tegel Airport was originally be after to have 2 depots with a 2nd hexagons like the independent construction. The 2nd depot peal was ne'er constructed because of Berlin Municipal budgetary restraints and in favour of the be after Berlin-Brandenburg International Airport.
Main construction |
Terminal A and B (airside) |
Terminal C |
Terminal D (airside) |
Late night check-in
The coming after air hose offer a committed eventide early check-in service:
- Air Berlin : from 18:00 to 21:00 in Terminal C for all voyages going away the coming after solar day.
- Lufthansa : from 18:00 to 21:00 in Terminal D for all voyages going away until 11:00 on the coming after solar day (except for transatlantic voyages functioned by a US-based air hose and voyages to Israel).
- TUIfly : from 18:00 to 20:00 in Terminal D for all voyages going away until twelve:00 on the coming after solar day (except for voyages to Israel).
Original article.